鳳梨酵素（Bromelain）：研究中的作用與使用注意事項

鳳梨酵素（bromelain）是從鳳梨（Ananas comosus）萃取的天然蛋白質分解酵素複合物，具有重要的藥用價值。因為潛力顯著，鳳梨酵素長久以來被傳統醫學用來治療多種疾病。研究顯示，鳳梨酵素可以透過降低發炎，幫助改善骨關節炎、類風濕性關節炎與氣喘等發炎狀況。它也具有抗癌特性：誘導細胞凋亡、阻止血管新生並提升免疫系統。鳳梨酵素被用於處理多種健康問題，也是常見的營養補充品。鳳梨酵素可在人體腸道被吸收，生物半衰期約 6–9 小時；它能減少某些抗生素的副作用，並提升藥物的生體可用率。此外，鳳梨酵素具有抗發炎、抗血栓、抗水腫與抗轉移的特性，並具有免疫調節作用。

Bromelain is a complex natural mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived from pineapple (Ananas comosus) and has significant medicinal benefits. Bromelain has long been used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases because of its remarkable potential. Bromelain has been shown to help with inflammatory conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma by reducing inflammation. It also has anti-cancer properties by causing apoptosis, stopping angiogenesis, and boosting the immune system. Bromelain has been used to treat a variety of health issues, but it is also popular as a nutritional supplement to support overall health. Bromelain is absorbed in the human intestines and has a biological half-life of approximately 6–9 hours. Bromelain decreases the adverse effects linked to certain antibiotics and boosts bioavailability. Moreover, bromelain has anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-edematous, and anti-metastatic properties and functions as an immunomodulator.

許多研究指出，鳳梨酵素可能具有抗轉移的特性。將鳳梨酵素與 5-FU、vincristine 等化療藥物合併使用、每天劑量超過 1,000 mg 時，曾觀察到腫瘤縮小。

Many studies indicate bromelain may have antimetastatic properties. Combining bromelain with chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-FU and vincristine at doses of over 1,000 mg daily has led to tumor regression.

鳳梨酵素可以刺激人體周邊血液單核細胞產生細胞激素。

Bromelain can stimulate cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

鳳梨酵素處理會活化自然殺手細胞，並隨時間與劑量產生 TNF-α、IL-1β 與 IL-6。它也能移除淋巴球上的 CD44 黏附分子，影響 T 細胞的活化。

Treatment activates natural killer cells and produces tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1-beta, and interleukin-6 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Bromelain can eliminate CD44 adhesion molecules from lymphocytes and affect T-cell activation.

清創是指從傷口或二、三度燒燙傷中移除受損組織的過程。將鳳梨酵素製成乳膏（35% 鳳梨酵素加脂質基底）外用，有助於清除壞死組織並加速癒合。

Debridement is the process of removing damaged tissue from wounds or second- or third-degree burns. Bromelain applied as a cream (35% bromelain in a lipid base) can be beneficial for debridement of necrotic tissue and acceleration of healing.

手術前使用鳳梨酵素，可以縮短疼痛與發炎消退所需的時間。研究指出，鳳梨酵素可能有助於減輕接受會陰切開術女性的腫脹、瘀青與疼痛。

Pre-surgical use of bromelain can shorten the time it takes for pain and inflammation to resolve. Research indicates that bromelain might be effective in reducing swelling, bruising, and pain in women having episiotomy.

研究顯示，鳳梨酵素可以預防心絞痛或減輕其嚴重程度。每天給予鉀、鎂與 120–400 mg 鳳梨酵素，曾顯示能顯著降低心肌梗塞的風險。

Bromelain has been shown in studies to prevent or reduce the severity of angina pectoris. Administration of potassium, magnesium, and 120–400 mg of bromelain per day has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of myocardial infarctions.

有報告指出，鳳梨酵素會提高抗生素在血液與尿液中的濃度。在鼻竇炎、肛周與直腸膿瘍、血栓性靜脈炎、蜂窩性組織炎、皮膚金黃色葡萄球菌感染、肺炎、支氣管炎與腎盂腎炎等多種情況中，鳳梨酵素合併抗生素治療，比單用抗生素更有效。

It has been reported that bromelain raises antibiotic levels in the blood and urine. Bromelain and antibiotic therapy together has been demonstrated to be more successful than antibiotics alone for a number of conditions, such as sinusitis, perirectal and rectal abscesses, thrombophlebitis, cellulitis, cutaneous Staphylococcus infection, pneumonia, bronchitis, and pyelonephritis.

鳳梨酵素常被加入標榜「天然緩解關節炎疼痛」的營養補充品中。

It is frequently included in dietary supplements promoted as an all-natural treatment for arthritis pain.

鳳梨酵素最常見的用途，是處理軟組織損傷與發炎。肌肉骨骼系統受到鈍挫傷時，鳳梨酵素治療能明顯減輕水腫、活動與休息時的疼痛，以及壓痛。

The most popular uses for bromelain are in the management of soft tissue injuries and inflammation. When the musculoskeletal system is bluntly injured, bromelain treatment clearly reduces edema, pain during movement and at rest, and tenderness.

世界各地的人使用鳳梨酵素這種安全有效的藥用成分，來處理發炎、支氣管炎、鼻竇炎與關節炎等多種狀況。

People all over the world use bromelain, a safe and effective medicinal ingredient, to treat a variety of conditions, including inflammation, bronchitis, sinusitis, and arthritis.

根據多項傳統與臨床報告，鳳梨酵素可能是有用的抗癌治療。此外，它具有免疫調節作用，對免疫功能不全的人是一份有用的禮物。它可能是本世紀最重要的營養補充品之一。

According to a number of traditional and clinical reports, bromelain may be a useful anticancer treatment. Additionally, it functions as an immunomodulator, making it a useful gift for people with immunodeficiency problems. It might be one of the most important dietary supplements of this century.